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Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Coordinates: 52°18′00″N 4°45′54″E / 52.3000°N 4.7650°E / 52.3000; 4.7650
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"Schiphol" redirects here. For the railway station, see Schiphol Airport railway station.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Luchthaven Schiphol
Aerial view of the airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorRoyal Schiphol Group
ServesGreater Amsterdam
LocationHaarlemmermeer, Netherlands
Opened16 September 1916; 108 years ago (1916-09-16)
Hub for
Operating base for
Elevation AMSL−11 ft / −3 m
Coordinates52°18′00″N 4°45′54″E / 52.3000°N 4.7650°E / 52.3000; 4.7650
Websitewww.schiphol.nl
Map
AMS/EHAM is located in Greater Amsterdam
AMS/EHAM
AMS/EHAM
Location within Greater Amsterdam
AMS/EHAM is located in North Holland
AMS/EHAM
AMS/EHAM
Location in North Holland
AMS/EHAM is located in Netherlands
AMS/EHAM
AMS/EHAM
Location in the Netherlands
AMS/EHAM is located in Europe
AMS/EHAM
AMS/EHAM
Location in Europe
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
18R/36L[a] 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
06/24[b] 3,500 11,483 Asphalt
09/27[c] 3,453 11,329 Asphalt
18L/36R[d] 3,400 11,155 Asphalt
18C/36C[e] 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
04/22[f] 2,014 6,608 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers61,889,586
Aircraft movements441,969
Freight (tonnes)1,378,042
Economic impact (2016)$27.3 billion[2]
Land area2,787 ha[3]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM), known informally as Schiphol Airport (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, pronounced [ˌlʏxtɦaːvə(n) ˈsxɪp(ɦ)ɔl; sxɪpˈɦɔl]),[g] is the main international airport of the Netherlands, and is one of the major hubs for the SkyTeam airline alliance.[8] It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi; 4.9 nmi)[6] southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province of North Holland. It is the world's third busiest airport by international passenger traffic in 2023. With almost 72 million passengers in 2019, it is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movements. With an annual cargo tonnage of 1.74 million, it is the 4th busiest in Europe. AMS covers a total area of 6,887 acres (10.761 sq mi; 2,787 ha) of land.[3] The airport is built on the single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three departure halls.

Schiphol is the principal hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Martinair. The airport also serves as an operating base for Corendon Dutch Airlines, easyJet, Transavia, TUI fly Netherlands, and Vueling.

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war, the airfield was soon rebuilt. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Schiphol Airport was voted the Best Airport in Western Europe in 2020.[9]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Sciphol appears in an official document from 1447.[10] According to the airport's media department,[11] the name of Schiphol might have several origins, all contested:

  1. As graveyard of ships. The Haarlemmermeer was a big, wild water mass, where many ships found their demise.
  2. As ship-haul, where ships were transferred from one water to another.
  3. As name of a coppice in marshy land. In the Gothic language, it indicated an area of low-lying wetland ("hol" or "holl") where wood (scip) could be extracted. However, Gothic has never been spoken in the Netherlands.

Description

[edit]

Schiphol Airport ranked as Europe's third busiest and the world's eleventh busiest by total passenger traffic in 2017 (12th in 2016, 14th in 2015, 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage. A record 71,706,999 passengers passed through the airport in 2019.[12] Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris–Charles de Gaulle and Istanbul. In 2019, 70.5% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe, 10.6% to and from North America and 10.1% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (46.3%) and North America (17.6%).[12] In 2019, 102 carriers provided a total of 332 destinations on a regular basis.[12]

The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. A new pier is to be opened in 2019 with a terminal extension planned to be operational by 2023. Plans for further terminal and gate expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees (due to the limit of 500,000 flights a year), some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet and Ryanair, however, continue to operate at Schiphol, using the low-cost H pier. In 2015, Lelystad Airport was allowed to expand, aimed at accommodating some of the low-cost and leisure flights currently operating out of Schiphol, eventually taking up to 45,000 flights a year.[13]

To combat complaints from the community in Schiphol, Amsterdam Airport is advocating the prohibition of private jets, with the aim of minimizing noise and environmental pollution. The airport also intends to restrict takeoffs between midnight and 6 a.m. and landings between midnight and 5 a.m.[14]

History

[edit]

Early years

[edit]
A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933
The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960
Airplanes and service vehicles on the apron in 1965

Before 1852, the entire polder of Haarlemmermeer in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters, sudden violent storms could claim many ships. Winds were particularly strong in the Schiphol area since the prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, and Schiphol lies in the northeastern corner of the lake. In English, schiphol translates to 'ship hole', a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no shipwrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word scheepshaal. A scheepshaal is a ditch[clarification needed] or small canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name is derived from the words schip hol. This is a low-lying area of land (hol) from where wood would be obtained to build ships.[15]

After the lake was dredged in the mid-1800s, a fortification named Fort Schiphol was built in the area which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.[16]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform[clarification needed] and runways. When civil aircraft started to use the field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains. The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919.[17] The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely.

By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 m (3,350 ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N 4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large number of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen, and Vogelenzang to try to confuse Allied bombers. A railway connection was also built. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively; an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed the remnants of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was quickly restored: the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landed on 8 July 1945.[18]

A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Schiphol expanded even further with a new terminal area at its current location. Most of the 1967 terminal is still in use today (Departure Halls 1 and 2), as are parts of the original piers (now called C, D, and E). Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport, well known for its clear writing and thorough colour-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.[19] The new terminal building replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-pier (now C-pier) of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to use the boarding gates. A new pier (D, now called F) opened in 1977, dedicated to handling wide-body aircraft. The first railway station at the airport followed in 1978.

Development since the 1990s

[edit]
Map showing the six runways of Schiphol
Queues to the security control in June 2022

The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport as it was further expanded. Departure Hall 3 was added to the terminal in 1993, as was another pier, G-pier. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.[20] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway bridge crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxiing to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.[21]

On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.[22]

Later in 2005, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident.[23] Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Sybilla Dekker (VVD) resigned as well because she bore responsibility for safety failings cited in the report.[24]

In the summer of 2022, the airport suffered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation. It experienced extraordinarily long delays and a large number of cancelled flights, which led to a recession of air traffic and subsequently to a shortage of security staff and a walkout of baggage handlers.[25] Queues for security check-in were reported to last for 5 hours, and many passengers missed their flights.[26] The CEO of Schiphol Group, Dick Benschop, was forced to resign.[27]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Terminal

[edit]
The main entrance of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Check-in hall interior at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
KLM Cargo Boeing 747-400ERF on the taxiway bridge crossing the highway A4/E19
Schiphol control tower

Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza, Schiphol Plaza. The terminal is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. The piers and concourses of each hall are connected so that it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk between piers and halls, although border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas.

Schiphol Airport has approximately 223[28] boarding gates including eighteen double jetway gates used for widebody aircraft. The airport adopted a distinctive design, with the second jetway extending over the aircraft wing hanging from a steel cantilever structure. Recent[when?] refurbishments have seen most of these jetways replaced with a more conventional layout. Two gates feature a third jetway for handling of the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service.[29] China Southern Airlines also used the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route before removing the type from service at the end of 2022,[citation needed] leaving Emirates as the sole A380 operator at Schiphol Airport as of 2023.

Schiphol has large shopping areas, primarily on the ground floor, as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza not only connects the three terminal halls but also houses other facilities. This is a large pre-security shopping centre and the Schiphol Airport railway station. These facilities are also attracting general visitors.[citation needed]

The 1st floor[h] hosts the luggage check-in lines, many of them automated, as well as various duty-free refund booths. Available seating is limited on this floor.

Notable public artworks in the airport include the Schiphol clock by Maarten Baas, in which a man behind a translucent screen appears to paint the minutes of an analog clock by hand.[30]

Departure Hall 1

[edit]

Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas and share D-pier with Departure Hall 2. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates.

Departure Hall 2

[edit]

Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E.

Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57.

Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has fourteen gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as Air Astana, EVA Air, Etihad Airways and Iran Air also typically operate out of Pier E.

Departure Hall 3

[edit]

Departure Hall 3 consists of three piers: F, G, and H/M. Pier F has eight gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways, China Airlines, China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has thirteen gates. Piers F and G are non-Schengen areas.

Piers H and M are physically one concourse consisting of seven shared gates and are home to low-cost airlines. Operating completely separately, H handles non-Schengen flights while M is dedicated to flights within the Schengen area.

A380

[edit]

Gates G9, E18 and E24 (E24 refurbished in 2019) are equipped to handle daily Airbus A380 service by Emirates. China Southern Airlines also operated the type before withdrawing it from service at the end of 2022, leaving Emirates as the only A380 operator at Schiphol as of 2023.[31]

General aviation terminal

[edit]

A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m2 (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for parking.[32]

The centre and its activities were sold to the Swiss company Jet Aviation in October 2018[33] and was rebranded as Jet Aviation Amsterdam.

Other facilities

[edit]

The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.[34] Admission to the exhibits is free, but requires a plane ticket as it is situated in the passenger transit zone.

In the summer of 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9 m2 (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.[35]

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.[36] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.

Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival.

Between October 2006 and 2019, people could also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.[37]

Schiphol also has a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped Hilton Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium has a 41 m-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and is in the heart of the building. A covered walkway connects the hotel directly to the terminal. The hotel was completed in 2015.[38]

Future expansions

[edit]

Pier A

[edit]

In 2012, Schiphol Group announced an expansion of Schiphol, featuring a new pier.[39] Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1, which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have five narrow-body gates and will initially have three wide-body gates, with two more planned for a later phase.[40] The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2023.[needs update] The expansions will cost about 500 million euros.

First, the new Pier A will be built to the southwest of Pier B, in an area currently used as a freight platform. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe.[41][needs update]

Originally expected to be operational by the end of 2019, the construction of the new pier has been delayed several times and due to a conflict between the airport and the construction consortium, the construction was halted in November 2021. Schiphol was disappointed in the construction speed and the rising of the total cost, although insiders announced that a design flaw was made and the entire construction needed to be reinforced. A new tendering procedure will be started to find a new constructor, once found a new completion date will be announced.[42]

Fourth terminal hall

[edit]

To handle future growth in passengers, Schiphol will further expand by building a fourth terminal hall with facilities for both departures and arrivals. From this new building, direct access will be made to Schiphol Plaza, continuing the one-terminal concept. When finished in 2023, Schiphol will be able to handle over 70 million passengers.[43] Due to rapid growth of Schengen passengers during 2016, Schiphol was however forced to rapidly build a temporary departure hall which opened in March 2017.[44] Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the construction of the fourth terminal hall has been postponed for at least two years.[45]

Uniform platform

[edit]

The airport has expanded the number of uniform platforms, and places to stow airplanes, in recent years in two phases. A third phase is planned to expand the number of wide-body platforms to a total of twelve, with planned completion in the period 2022–2026.[46]

Public transportation

[edit]

Schiphol, together with the public transport authority Amsterdam, is going to transform its train- and bus station. The train station will be getting more entrances and the bus station will be completely renewed with a planned opening date in 2025.[47] A connection to the Amsterdam Metro network has been a subject of discussion and speculation since at least the 1990s. In preparation for this, a piece of land has been acquired from Chipshol.[48] As of 2022, the project had not moved past the proposal stage.[49][50]

Airlines

[edit]

Schiphol's growth is hampered by slot restrictions from the government. For reasons of safety and noise reduction, Schiphol is allowed to have no more than 500,000 aircraft movements until the end of 2020.[51] A proposal to increase the limit to 540,000 movements from 2021 onwards has been postponed until a new government is formed after the elections in March 2021.[needs update][52] As Schiphol nearly approached the limit of 500,000 in the last few years, the slot restrictions have hindered airlines to settle at Schiphol. Among airlines that have expressed interest in flying at Schiphol are Atlantic Airways,[53] Cyprus Airways,[54] Somon Air[55] and SpiceJet.[56]

Tower

[edit]

The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level. The lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level: 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). The runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP.[57][58] It is one of only eleven airports worldwide below sea level, the fifth lowest with scheduled flights, and the third lowest with international flights.

Runways

[edit]
All the airport's six runways viewed from an airplane taking off at dawn

Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.[6] The airport covers a total area of 6,887 acres (2,787 ha) of land.[3]

Number Runway direction/code Length Width Common name Namesake Surface Notes
1 18R/36L 3,800 m
12,467 ft		 60 m
197 ft		 Polderbaan Decided via contest. Polder is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder. Asphalt Newest runway, opened in 2003. Own control tower.
Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population. Takeoffs only northbound and landings only southbound. The nearest end is located 5 km (3.1 mi) from the terminal building, and aircraft have a 10 to 20-minute taxi to and from the terminal.
2 06/24 3,500 m
11,483 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Kaagbaan Named after Kaag, a small village which lies beyond the southwest end of the runway. Asphalt Opened in 1960. The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[59]
3 09/27 3,453 m
11,329 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Buitenveldertbaan Named after Buitenveldert, a neighbourhood of Amsterdam that lies under its approach. Asphalt Opened in 1967. El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[60]
4 18L/36R 3,400 m
11,155 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Aalsmeerbaan Named after the town of Aalsmeer which lies beyond the end of the runway. Asphalt Opened in 1950.
5 18C/36C 3,300 m
10,826 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Zwanenburgbaan Named after the village of Zwanenburg that lies under its approach. Asphalt Opened in 1968. El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[60]
6 04/22 2,014 m
6,608 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Oostbaan Most eastern of all runways ("oost" is Dutch for "east"). Asphalt Opened in 1945. Primarily used for general aviation traffic.[6] In October 2010 a Boeing 737–400 of Corendon Airlines overran the short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[61]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines[62] Athens, Thessaloniki[63]
Aer Lingus[64] Cork,[65][better source needed] Dublin
Aeroméxico[66] Mexico City
Air Anka Seasonal charter: Antalya[67]
Air Arabia[68] Fès, Nador, Tangier, Tétouan[69]
Air Astana[70] Atyrau
Air Canada[71] Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau
Air Dolomiti[72] Munich
Air Europa[73] Madrid[74]
Air France[75] Lyon,[76] Paris–Charles de Gaulle[77]
Air India Delhi[78]
Air Serbia[79] Belgrade[80]
Air Transat[81] Seasonal: Toronto–Pearson
airBaltic[82] Palanga,[83] Riga, Tallinn, Vilnius
AJet[84] Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[85]
Amelia International[86] Strasbourg[87]
American Airlines[88] Philadelphia
Seasonal: Dallas/Fort Worth
Arkia[89] Tel Aviv
Austrian Airlines[90] Vienna[91]
Seasonal: Innsbruck[92]
British Airways1[93] London–City, London–Heathrow
Bulgaria Air[94] Sofia
Cathay Pacific[95] Hong Kong
China Airlines[96] Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines[97] Shanghai–Pudong[98]
China Southern Airlines[99] Beijing–Daxing,[100] Guangzhou,[100] Shenzhen[101]
Corendon Dutch Airlines[102] Antalya, Bonaire (begins 3 November 2024),[103] Curaçao, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Banjul, Bodrum, Burgas, Corfu, Dalaman, Gazipaşa,[104] Heraklion, Ibiza, İzmir, Kos, Mytilene, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Rhodes, Samos, Zakynthos
Croatia Airlines[105] Zagreb[106]
Seasonal: Split[107]
Delta Air Lines[108] Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Orlando,[109] Tampa[110]
easyJet[111] Alicante, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–International, Bergamo, Berlin, Birmingham, Bristol, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal (begins 5 November 2024),[112] Geneva, Glasgow, Gran Canaria, Kraków,[113] Larnaca ,[112] Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, London–Southend,[114] London–Stansted, Málaga, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Naples, Newcastle upon Tyne,[113] Nice, Prague, Southampton,[115] Tel Aviv (resumes 1 November 2024),[116] Venice
Seasonal: Brindisi, Catania, Chania,[117] Corfu, Dubrovnik, Hurghada, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kefalonia, Lanzarote, Malta,[118] Marrakech, Mykonos,[119] Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Pisa, Pristina,[112] Pula, Rhodes, Rovaniemi,[120] Salzburg, Sharm El Sheikh,[121] Split, Tenerife–South, Tromsø (begins 15 December 2024),[122] Zadar
Egyptair[123] Cairo
El Al[124] Tel Aviv[125]
Emirates[126] Dubai–International
Etihad Airways[127] Abu Dhabi
EVA Air[128] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan
Finnair[129] Helsinki[130]
FlyErbil[131] Erbil
FlyOne[132] Chișinău
Garuda Indonesia[133] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[134]
Georgian Airways[135] Tbilisi
Iberia Express[136] Madrid[137]
Icelandair[138] Reykjavík–Keflavík
ITA Airways[139] Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino
JetBlue[140]New York–JFK[141]
Seasonal: Boston[142]
Kenya Airways[143] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
KLM[144] Aalborg,[145] Aarhus,[better source needed] Aberdeen,[145] Accra,[146] Ålesund,[147] Alicante,[147] Aruba,[148] Athens,[145] Atlanta,[146] Austin,[149] Bangalore,[146] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[150] Barcelona,[145] Basel/Mulhouse,[151] Beijing–Capital,[146] Belfast–City,[147] Belgrade,[151] Bergen,[152] Berlin,[153] Bilbao,[151] Billund,[151] Birmingham,[145] Bogotá,[150] Bologna,[147] Bonaire,[148] Bordeaux,[151] Boston,[150] Bremen,[151] Bristol,[145] Brussels,[145] Bucharest–Otopeni,[151] Budapest,[151] Buenos Aires–Ezeiza,[154] Calgary,[150] Cape Town,[146] Cardiff,[145] Cartagena,[150] Catania,[151] Chicago–O'Hare,[150] Copenhagen,[153] Cork,[147] Curaçao,[155] Dammam,[150] Dar es Salaam,[146] Delhi,[146] Denpasar,[146] Dubai–International,[146] Dublin,[145] Düsseldorf,[147] Edinburgh,[153] Edmonton,[150] Entebbe,[155] Florence,[145] Frankfurt,[151] Gdańsk,[145] Geneva,[151] Genoa,[151] Glasgow,[156] Gothenburg,[145] Guayaquil,[150] Hamburg,[145] Hannover,[151] Helsinki,[145] Hong Kong,[146] Houston–Intercontinental,[150] Humberside,[147] Inverness,[145] Istanbul,[151] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[146] Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo,[146] Katowice, Kigali,[155] Kilimanjaro,[146] Kraków,[145] Kristiansand,[147] Kuala Lumpur–International,[146] Lagos,[155] Las Vegas,[150] Leeds/Bradford,[157] Lima,[150] Linköping,[151] Lisbon,[158] London–City,[145] London–Heathrow,[153] Los Angeles,[146] Luxembourg,[145] Lyon,[151] Madrid,[153] Málaga,[145] Manchester,[153] Manila,[146] Marseille,[76] Mexico City,[154] Milan–Linate,[152] Milan–Malpensa,[145] Montpellier,[145] Montréal–Trudeau,[150] Mumbai,[150] Munich,[151] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta,[146] Nantes,[145] Naples,[151] Newcastle upon Tyne,[145] New York–JFK,[146] Nice,[145] Norwich,[147] Nuremberg, Osaka–Kansai,[146] Oslo,[151] Panama City–Tocumen,[155] Paramaribo,[146] Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[153] Portland (OR),[159] Porto,[151] Port of Spain,[160] Poznań,[145] Prague,[161] Quito,[150] Rennes,[162] Rio de Janeiro–Galeão,[163] Riyadh,[150] Rome–Fiumicino,[145] San Francisco,[164] Santiago de Chile,[154] São Paulo–Guarulhos,[150] Seoul–Incheon,[165] Shanghai–Pudong,[150] Singapore,[146] Sint Maarten,[160] Southampton,[145] Split,[145] Stavanger,[145] Stockholm–Arlanda,[166] Stuttgart,[147] Taipei–Taoyuan,[146] Teesside,[145] Tel Aviv,[167] Tokyo–Narita,[150] Toronto–Pearson,[155] Toulouse,[151] Trondheim,[147] Turin,[151] Valencia,[151] Vancouver,[168] Venice,[145] Vienna,[161] Warsaw–Chopin,[145] Washington–Dulles,[150] Wrocław,[145] Zagreb,[151] Zanzibar,[150] Zurich[153]
Seasonal: Cagliari,[169] Cancún,[146] Dubrovnik,[145] Ibiza,[170] Liberia (CR) (resumes 30 December 2024),[171] Miami,[150] Minneapolis/St. Paul,[172] Palma de Mallorca,[169] Rovaniemi,[173] Salt Lake City, San José (CR)[174]
KM Malta Airlines Malta
Korean Air[175] Seoul–Incheon
Kuwait Airways[176] Kuwait
LOT Polish Airlines[177] Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa[178] Frankfurt, Munich[179]
Norwegian Air Shuttle[180] Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda
Pegasus Airlines[181] Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Bodrum, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya
Play[182] Reykjavík–Keflavík
Qatar Airways[183] Doha
Royal Air Maroc[184]Casablanca, Nador, Tangier
Seasonal: Al Hoceima, Fez, Oujda
Royal Jordanian[185] Amman–Queen Alia
Ryanair[186] Dublin, Málaga
Saudia[187] Jeddah
Seasonal: Riyadh
Scandinavian Airlines[188] Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda
Singapore Airlines[189] Singapore
Sky Express[190] Athens (begins 10 November 2024)[191]
Seasonal: Heraklion, Kos, Zakynthos
Sun d'Or[192] Seasonal: Tel Aviv
SunExpress[193] İzmir
Seasonal: Adana/Mersin,[194] Ankara, Antalya, Dalaman,[195] Kayseri, Konya
Surinam Airways[196] Paramaribo
Swiss International Air Lines[197] Zurich
TAP Air Portugal[198] Lisbon
TAROM[199] Bucharest–Otopeni
Transavia[200] Alicante, Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Beirut (suspended), Casablanca, Catania, Dubai–International, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Granada,[201] Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Lanzarote, La Palma, Larnaca, Lisbon, Ljubljana, Málaga, Marrakesh, Naples, Nice, Pisa, Porto, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Riga, Salzburg, Seville, Tbilisi,[202] Tel Aviv (suspended), Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tirana,[203] Valencia
Seasonal: Antalya, Bodrum, Chania, Chios, Corfu, Dalaman, Girona, Hurghada, İzmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Menorca, Mykonos, Olbia, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Ponta Delgada,[204] Preveza, Rhodes, Samos, Santorini, Sharm El Sheikh,[205] Split, Tromsø,[206] Verona, Zakynthos
Seasonal charter: Akureyri, Ivalo,[207] Kittilä, Kuusamo, Rovaniemi, Skellefteå
TUI fly Netherlands[208] Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bonaire, Cancún, Curaçao, Fuerteventura,[209] Gran Canaria,[209] Hurghada, Lanzarote,[209] Montego Bay, Punta Cana, Sal, São Vicente, Tenerife–South,[209] Varadero
Seasonal: Antalya, Bodrum, Burgas, Chania, Corfu, Dakar–Diass, Dalaman, Djerba, Enfidha, Funchal, Heraklion, Ibiza, Ivalo,[210] İzmir, Kajaani (begins 17 January 2025),[210] Karpathos, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kittilä,[210] Kos, La Palma, Marsa Alam, Ohrid, Palma de Mallorca, Ponta Delgada, Preveza, Rhodes, Sälen–Trysil,[211] Samos, Skiathos, Terceira, Tirana, (begins 12 July 2025)[212] Zakynthos
Turkish Airlines[213] Istanbul[214]
United Airlines[215] Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental,[216] Newark, Washington–Dulles[216]
Seasonal: San Francisco
Vueling[217] Alicante, Asturias,[218] Barcelona, Bilbao, Florence, Lisbon, Málaga, Valencia
Seasonal: Ibiza, Palma de Mallorca
XiamenAir[219] Xiamen
Notes

^1 Beginning 15 December 2024, British Airways is operating flights from London-Stansted to Amsterdam. This is a one-way service with the return flight destined for London-City. London-Stansted is therefore not listed as a destination from Amsterdam for British Airways.[220]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Air China Cargo[221] Chongqing, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zaragoza
Atlas Air[222] Almaty, Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Miami, Seoul–Incheon, Taipei–Taoyuan
Avianca Cargo[223] Miami, Zaragoza
Cargolux[224] Luxembourg
Cathay Cargo[225] Hong Kong
China Airlines Cargo[226] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines[citation needed] Copenhagen, Ningbo, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xi'an, Zaragoza
China Southern Airlines Cargo[227] Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation[citation needed] East Midlands, Leipzig/Halle, London–Heathrow, Madrid
Emirates SkyCargo[228] Aguadilla, Chicago O'Hare, Dubai–International, Frankfurt, Houston–Intercontinental, Madrid, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Oslo, Zaragoza
Etihad Cargo[229]Abu Dhabi, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
FedEx Express[citation needed] Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Kalitta Air[citation needed] New York–JFK
Korean Air Cargo[230] Seoul–Incheon, Stockholm–Arlanda
LATAM Cargo Chile[231] Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas, Miami, Santiago de Chile
Martinair[232] Bogotá, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas, Guatemala City, Harare, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Lima, Miami, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Quito, Santiago de Chile
MASkargo[233] Dubai–Al Maktoum, Kuala Lumpur–International
MNG Airlines[citation needed] Istanbul
Nippon Cargo Airlines[234] Milan–Malpensa, Tokyo–Narita
Qatar Airways Cargo[235] Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Los Angeles
Saudia Cargo[236] Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh
Silk Way West Airlines[237] Baku
Singapore Airlines Cargo[238] London–Heathrow, Sharjah, Singapore
Suparna Airlines Cargo[citation needed] Nanjing
Turkish Cargo[239] Istanbul
West Atlantic[240] Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Turku

Other users

[edit]

Other regular users of Schiphol are the Netherlands Coastguard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association.

Peak moments

[edit]

Typical peak moments at Schiphol Airport are between 09:00 and 11:00, and between 13:00 and 15:00 for departures, with up to 58 departures between 14:00 and 15:00 on a typical weekday (a departure nearly every minute).[241] The peak moment for arrivals is between 08:00 and 09:00 (with up to 52 arrivals on a weekday).[242]

Statistics

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic[243]
Year Passengers % change Year Passengers % change
2000 39,606,925 Increase 7.7% 2012 51,035,590 Increase 2.6%
2001 39,531,123 Decrease -0.2% 2013 52,569,200 Increase 3.0%
2002 40,736,009 Increase 3.1% 2014 54,978,023 Increase 4.6%
2003 39,960,400 Decrease -1.9% 2015 58,284,864 Increase 6.0%
2004 42,541,180 Increase 6.5% 2016 63,625,534 Increase 9.2%
2005 44,157,005 Increase 3.8% 2017 68,515,425 Increase 7.7%
2006 46,066,465 Increase 4.3% 2018 71,053,147 Increase 3.7%
2007 47,795,148 Increase 3.8% 2019 71,706,999 Increase 1.0%
2008 47,430,112 Decrease -0.8% 2020 20,884,044 Decrease -70.9%
2009 43,570,372 Decrease -8.1% 2021 25,492,633 Increase 22.1%
2010 45,211,749 Increase 3.8% 2022 52,472,188 Increase 105.8%
2011 49,755,252 Increase 10.1% 2023 61,889,586 Increase 18.0%
Busiest European routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2023)[5]
Rank Change Airport Passengers 2023 Change % Airlines
1 Steady Spain Barcelona, Spain 1,463,375 Increase21.5 KLM, Transavia, Vueling
2 Steady United Kingdom London-Heathrow, United Kingdom 1,385,669 Increase21.5 British Airways, KLM
3 Steady Republic of Ireland Dublin, Ireland 1,187,883 Increase18.4 Aer Lingus, KLM, Ryanair
4 Steady Denmark Copenhagen, Denmark 1,122,161 Increase15.3 EasyJet, KLM, Norwegian, SAS
5 Increase1 France Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France 1,098,577 Increase20.7 Air France, KLM
6 Decrease1 Spain Madrid, Spain 1,052,475 Increase8.3 Air Europa, Iberia Express, KLM
7 Steady Portugal Lisbon, Portugal 1,008,136 Increase11.8 EasyJet, KLM, TAP, Transavia, Vueling
8 Increase2 United Kingdom Manchester, United Kingdom 947,755 Increase34.0 EasyJet, KLM
9 Increase8 United Kingdom London-Gatwick, United Kingdom 831,080 Increase37.3 British Airways, EasyJet
10 Increase1 Germany Berlin, Germany 814,549 Increase19.8 EasyJet, KLM
11 Decrease3 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 792,719 Decrease0.7 KLM, Turkish Airlines
12 Steady Sweden Stockholm-Arlanda, Sweden 778,151 Increase15.7 KLM, Norwegian, SAS
13 Increase2 Austria Vienna, Austria 767,416 Increase25.4 Austrian, KLM
14 Decrease1 Spain Málaga, Spain 765,203 Increase19.1 EasyJet, KLM, Ryanair, Transavia, Vueling
15 Decrease1 Switzerland Zürich, Switzerland 743,380 Increase16.7 KLM, Swiss
16 Decrease7 Italy Rome–Fiumicino, Italy 733,349 Decrease7.8 ITA, KLM, Vueling
17 Decrease1 Germany Munich, Germany 718,830 Increase17.5 KLM, Lufthansa
18 Steady Norway Oslo, Norway 674,092 Increase17.4 KLM, Norwegian, SAS
19 Increase2 Germany Frankfurt am Main, Germany 646,045 Increase27.8 KLM, Lufthansa
20 Decrease1 Finland Helsinki, Finland 596,287 Increase11.9 Finnair, KLM
Busiest intercontinental routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2023)[5]
Rank Change Airport Passengers 2023 Change % Airlines
1 Steady United Arab Emirates Dubai-International, United Arab Emirates 945,900 Increase24.4 Emirates, KLM, Transavia
2 Increase1 United States New York–JFK, United States 862,559 Increase17.9 Delta, JetBlue, KLM
3 Decrease1 United States Atlanta, United States 794,053 Increase5.1 Delta, KLM
4 Steady Curaçao Willemstad, Curaçao 611,504 Decrease6.0 Corendon, KLM, TUI
5 Increase2 Canada Toronto-Pearson, Canada 547,907 Increase28.6 Air Canada, Air Transat, KLM
6 Steady United States Detroit, United States 525,621 Increase22.1 Delta
7 Increase1 United States Minneapolis/St. Paul, United States 523,319 Increase31.2 Delta, KLM
8 Decrease3 Israel Tel Aviv, Israel 486,283 Increase10.3 Arkia, EasyJet, El Al, KLM, Sun d'Or, Transavia
9 Increase1 United States Boston, United States 388,523 Increase25.4 Delta, JetBlue, KLM
10 Increase4 Kenya Nairobi-Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya 351,921 Increase24.9 Kenya Airways, KLM
11 Decrease2 Mexico Mexico City, Mexico 340,001 Decrease1.2 Aeroméxico, KLM
12 Increase11 Qatar Doha, Qatar 321,913 Increase38.3 Qatar Airways
13 Increase15 Thailand Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 317,577 Increase47.6 EVA Air, KLM
14 Decrease1 Singapore Singapore-Changi, Singapore 315,835 Increase8.0 KLM, Singapore Airlines
15 Decrease4 United States Los Angeles, United States 301,462 Decrease1.4 KLM
16 Decrease1 United States Chicago-O'Hare, United States 299,108 Increase10.8 KLM, United
17 Steady United States Houston-Intercontinental, United States 292,667 Increase12.3 KLM, United
18 Increase2 Suriname Paramaribo-Zanderij, Suriname 291,964 Increase18.2 KLM, Surinam Airways
19 Decrease3 United States Seattle/Tacoma, United States 288,664 Increase8.7 Delta
20 Increase7 South Africa Cape Town, South Africa 277,523 Increase26.0 KLM
Main cargo routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2023)[5]
Rank Change Airport Tonnes 2023 Change %
1 Steady China Shanghai-Pudong, China 201,186 Increase14.9
2 Steady Qatar Doha, Qatar 72,650 Increase8.6
3 Increase2 Kenya Nairobi-Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya 53,021 Increase0.6
4 Steady China Guangzhou, China 46,354 Decrease13.8
5 Increase2 Ecuador Quito, Ecuador 45,619 Increase7.9
6 Decrease3 United States Chicago-O'Hare, United States 44,330 Decrease23.3
7 Increase6 Korea Seoul-Incheon, South Korea 41,205 Increase25.7
8 Increase1 United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 40,541 Increase3.8
9 Increase1 Azerbaijan Baku, Azerbaijan 39,364 Increase6.2
10 Increase2 Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 37,310 Increase11.7
11 Decrease3 United Arab Emirates Dubai-International, United Arab Emirates 37,298 Decrease6.9
12 Decrease6 Singapore Singapore-Changi, Singapore 34,891 Decrease23.4
13 Increase1 Japan Tokyo-Narita, Japan 32,643 Increase7.4
14 Decrease3 United States Miami, United States 31,396 Decrease10.7
15 Increase5 Germany Leipzig, Germany 24,680 Decrease7.6
16 Increase3 Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 24,519 Decrease8.5
17 Increase1 United Arab Emirates Dubai-Al Maktoum, United Arab Emirates 24,392 Decrease11.3
18 Decrease2 South Africa Johannesburg-O.R. Tambo, South Africa 24,038 Decrease18.3
19 Increase2 Taiwan Taipei-Taoyuan, Taiwan 23,868 Decrease2.0
20 Decrease3 China Nanjing, China 20,527 Decrease27.6
Countries with most air traffic movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2023)[5]
Rank Country Movements 2023 Change %
1 United Kingdom 71,701 Increase22.9
2 Germany 39,434 Increase16.3
3 Spain 39,177 Increase7.4
4 Italy 28,292 Increase1.1
5 United States 24,784 Increase7.8
6 France 24,217 Increase9.7
7 Norway 16,881 Increase15.2
8 Switzerland 15,322 Increase12.1
9 Denmark 15,060 Increase9.4
10 Portugal 11,377 Increase7.8
Countries with most passenger movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2023)[5]
Rank Country Passengers 2023 Change %
1 United Kingdom 7,963,189 Increase28.5
2 Spain 6,269,365 Increase13.2
3 United States 5,825,010 Increase14.7
4 Italy 3,619,994 Increase11.7
5 Germany 3,515,495 Increase25.7
6 France 2,706,232 Increase16.7
7 Turkey 2,114,879 Increase2.2
8 Greece 1,740,923 Increase6.0
9 Portugal 1,733,251 Increase12.2
10 Switzerland 1,687,181 Increase17.7

Other facilities

[edit]
Schiphol Group offices
The Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower

The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and transavia.[244] Construction of the building, which has 10,800 m2 (116,000 sq ft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while construction firm De Vries & Verburg constructed the building.[245]

The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam,[246][247] local offices of China Southern Airlines[248] and Iran Air.[249]

The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.[250]

The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.[251]

The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head office of TUI fly Netherlands.[252]

At one time, KLM had its head office briefly on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.[253] Its current head office in nearby Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.[254] Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.[255][256] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.[257][258][259] NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.[260]

The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses various KLM offices,[251] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.[261][262]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.[263] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.[264]

There used to be an aviation museum, but in 2003, it moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the "Aviodrome."[265]

Ground transport

[edit]

Rail

[edit]
The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992
Main article: Schiphol Airport railway station

The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation 24 hours a day into the four major cities Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and Rotterdam. There are efficient and often direct services to many other cities in the country.[266] There are intercity connections to Almere, Lelystad, Amsterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS, Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven Centraal, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Amersfoort Centraal, Apeldoorn, Deventer, Enschede, Arnhem Centraal, Nijmegen and Venlo. Schiphol is also a stop for the Eurostar international high-speed train (formerly known as Thalys), connecting the airport directly to Antwerp, Brussels and Paris Gare du Nord, as well as to Bourg St Maurice (winter) and Marseille (summer). The Intercity-Brussel (also named the "Beneluxtrein") to Antwerp and Brussels stops at the airport.

Bus

[edit]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located in front of the terminal building.[267]

The Taiwanese EVA Air provides private bus services from Schiphol to Belgium for its Belgium-based customers. The service, which departs from and arrives at bus stop C11, goes to Saint-Gilles, Brussels (near the Brussels-South (Midi) railway station) and Berchem, Antwerp (near Antwerp-Berchem bus station). The service is co-operated with Reizen Lauwers NV.[268]

Road

[edit]

Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways.[269]

While most roads leading to the airport are forbidden for bicycles, it is possible to reach the airport by bicycle via bicycle paths.

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992
The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009
  • On 14 November 1946, a Douglas C-47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway. The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board.
  • On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747-200F cargo jet en route to Tel Aviv, lost both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 47 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a non-revenue passenger. In addition to these fatalities, 11 people were seriously injured and 15 people received minor injuries.
  • On 4 April 1994, KLM Cityhopper Flight 433, a Saab 340 to Cardiff, returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of 90 ft (27 m), the captain decided to go-around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine, leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the 24 people on board, three were killed, including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
  • On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 from Istanbul crashed on approach, just 1 km (0.6 mi) short of the airport's Polderbaan runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. Four of the dead were employees of Boeing, involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey. An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported −8 ft (−2.4 m). As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft (8.2 m) radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed that was not acted upon until it was too late to recover, and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field.
  • On 23 February 2017, a Bombardier Dash-8 Q400 operated by Flybe suffered a collapse of its right landing gear after landing at the Oostbaan.[270] The plane took off from Edinburgh after a 1.5-hour delay and had to battle storm Doris throughout the flight and during landing. None of the 59 passengers and four crew was injured in the incident, but the aircraft sustained significant damage.
  • On 29 May 2024, an airport worker died after being ingested into the engine of an Embraer 190 operating as KLM Cityhopper Flight 1341.[271] The incident occurred on the airport's apron during pushback as the aircraft was preparing to depart for Billund.[272] Investigators from the Dutch Safety Board determined that the worker intentionally jumped into the running engine to commit suicide.[273]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Common name: 'Polderbaan'
  2. ^ Common name: 'Kaagbaan'
  3. ^ Common name: 'Buitenveldertbaan'
  4. ^ Common name: 'Aalsmeerbaan'
  5. ^ Common name: 'Zwanenburgbaan'
  6. ^ Common name: 'Oostbaan'
  7. ^ In English, Schiphol is usually pronounced /ˈskɪp(h)ɒl/[7]
  8. ^ The Netherlands numbers floors from 0th floor and up.

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Major Europe Airports".
  2. ^ "Amsterdam airport – Economic and social impact". Ecquants. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "Schiphol | Airport Facts about Dutch international airport". Schiphol. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  4. ^ "CBS StatLine – Luchtvaart; maandcijfers Nederlandse luchthavens van nationaal belang". Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Traffic review 2023 (Report). Amsterdam: Royal Schiphol Group. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d EHAM – Amsterdam / Schiphol. AIP from AIS the Netherlands, effective 3 October 2024
  7. ^ "Year in review – 2017". 9 January 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  8. ^ Ahmed, Shamim (10 July 2015). "Amsterdam  • Venice of the North". theindependentbd.com. The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  9. ^ "The World's Best Airports in 2020 are announced". SKYTRAX. 11 May 2020. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  10. ^ Scheltema, P. (15 January 1866). "Inventaris van het Amsterdamsche Archief, beschreven door P. Scheltema". Stads-Drukkerij – via Google Books.
  11. ^ "Waar komt de naam Schiphol vandaan?". Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  12. ^ a b c "Traffic Review 2019". Schiphol Group. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  13. ^ "Lelystad Airport krijgt ruimte om te groeien | Nieuwsbericht". rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  14. ^ "Amsterdam Schiphol Airport pushing for a ban on private jets and curfew". Globalair.com. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  15. ^ "Waar komt de naam Schiphol vandaan?" (in Dutch). Schiphol Nederland B.V. 2013. Archived from the original on 19 November 2011.
  16. ^ "Stelling van Amsterdam – Fort van het Schiphol" (in Dutch). Stelling-Amsterdam.nl. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  17. ^ Williamson, Mitch (23 November 2007). "War and Game: Fokker Aircraft Company 1910–45". Warandgame.info. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  18. ^ Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire historie – Vliegvelden in Oorlogstijd (2009)
  19. ^ Rawthorn, Alice (21 October 2012). "Designers of the Signs That Guide You". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  20. ^ "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol". Mijksenaar bv. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009.
  21. ^ Schiphol Junior Geschiedenis Schiphol Archived 29 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, article retrieved 21 July 2014.
  22. ^ Rosie Cowan (26 February 2005). "Up to £52m in gems stolen in airport raid". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
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General and cited reference

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  • Heuvel, Coen van den (1992). Schiphol, een Wereldluchthaven in Beeld. Holkema & Warendorf. ISBN 978-9-0269-6271-4.
[edit]
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